Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal

Analysis, construction, characterization, and application of copper nanowires loaded on activated carbon for removal of bromophenol blue in water samples

2024-03-19T07:45:20+00:00

In the present work, a copper nanowire loaded on activated carbon (Cu-NW-AC) was fabricated and applied as an effective adsorbent for the removal of bromophenol blue (BPB) dye from aqueous solutions and then the percentage of removal was evaluated by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized and identified using techniques like Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The effective parameters of the removal process were investigated and optimized by experimental design methodology (EDM) based on response surface methodology (RSM) as a powerful optimization method. EDM is a unique method for following the effects of different factors on the removal process simultaneously. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used based on p-values and F-tests to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the used method. The optimized parameters were obtained as BPB concentration of 15 mg L^-1, ultrasonic irradiation time of 14 min, adsorbent dosage of 0.018 g and pH= 5.5 under the desirability function. To evaluate the adsorption mechanism and calculation of maximum adsorption capacity, different adsorption isotherms were studied and according to the results, the Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest compatibility due to its higher R² (0.9905). Also, the proposed adsorbent represented good adsorption capacity (123.45 mg g^-1).

Determine methylene blue based on carbon paste electrode modified with nanoparticles of nickel oxide-nitrogen carbon quantum dots and carbon structures by cyclic voltammetry

2024-03-19T08:06:48+00:00

This paper deals with an electrochemical method for the determination of methylene blue (MB) by fabrication of an electrode based on a carbon paste modified with nano-nickel oxide and nitrogen carbon quantum dots (NiO-NCQD), graphene-carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphite powder and paraffin oil are as a plasticizer. This electrode is used as a working electrode. The analytical method used is cyclic voltammetry (CV), The oxidation-reduction curve of methylene blue was shown using this electrode. It is a quasi-reversible curve, and it works at (pH =1) and the best acid used is HCl a concentration of (0.1M). It was also found that the linear range is within the range of (7.99-31.98 mg L^-1). The standard deviation (SD) and relative standard deviation (RSD%) were obtained at (0.361 mg L^-1 and 0.294 mg L^-1) and (4.52% and 3.68%) for both oxidation and reduction respectively. Retrospective, the limit of quantitative (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were achieved at (99.65%; 99.70%), (0.24 mg L^-1; 0.13 mg L^-1), and (0.071 mg L^-1; 0.039 mg L^-1) for both oxidation and reduction respectively. Methylene blue was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at (663 nm).

Chromium desalinization using novel chitosan functionalized iron oxide- biochar composites: Analysis, synthesis, characterization and adsorption performance

2024-03-19T08:30:29+00:00

In the study, chitosan functionalized iron oxide incorporated with peanut shell biomass was prepared for potential adsorption of chromium (VI) from an aqueous media. The prepared material was characterized by modern spectroscopic methods for confirming the successful embedding. The adsorption experiments were conducted in batch systems. The experimental data showed robust removal of chromium supported by kinetic and equilibrium studies. The sorption data exhibited a strong agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, further confirming conformity with the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption studies were taken to find the effects of pH and time, reusability, ionic strength and presence of coexisting ions. The maximum sorption capacity was achieved as 14.28 mg g^-1 at pH 4 and the optimum contact time was 40 minutes. The background electrolytes have much less effect on uptake efficiency and this green adsorbent can be utilized for up to four cycles. Additionally, a systematic approach was employed to ensure the precision and accuracy of the spectroscopic method. Calibration was linear in the range from 0.5 to 6.0 μg L^-1 (R² > 0.99). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.65 μg L^-1and 2.16 μg L^-1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 7.62 % (n=7).

Solid phase-fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their derivatives for efficient extraction and analysis of Bismarck Brown-Y Dye from aqueous solution

2024-03-19T08:59:06+00:00

This investigation used efficientMWCNTs and their derivatives; MWCNT-Tris, MWCNT-H, MWCNT-Tetra and MWCNT-G, for extraction and removing the Bismarck Brown-Y (BB-Y) by solid phase extraction (SPE). The concentration of BB-Y was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer after the SPE technique. The solid phases were analyzed and characterized by utilizing several techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), FE-SEM, zeta potential measurement, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). At optimization conditions, the optimum concentration of the BB-y was obtained at 200 mgL^-1 and 300 mg L^-1 for MWCNT and MWCNT-Tris, whereas 400 mg L^-1 for MWCNT-H, MWCNT-Tetra, and MWCNT-G. Additionally, the optimal pH value was 6.0 for MWCNT-Tris, and it was 10 for MWCNT, MWCNT-H, MWCNT-Tetra, and MWCNT-G. However, the volume of samples was achieved at 25 mL. Furthermore, it was found that the most effective flow rate for the eluting solvent was 0.5 ml min^-1. Besides the type and volume of eluents were examined and evaluated. Finally, the present work involved the determination of adsorption capacity using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models under ideal conditions. The Langmuir model revealed that the q_max for the MWCNT, MWCNT-tris, MWCNT-H, MWCNT-Tetra, and MWCNT-G was obtained 862.07, 1075.27, 1282.05, 1298.70, and 1333.33 mg g^-1, respectively.

Analytical Method: Determination of famotidine drug using chemiluminescence method

2024-03-19T09:20:57+00:00

This study involved the development of a novel, cost-effective, fast, and highly sensitive analytical technique for quantifying minimal amounts of the drug famotidine through chemiluminescence. The method is centred around the measurement of energy emitted as a result of the interaction between the drug and Luminol in an alkaline solution; this interaction generates an electronically excited intermediate state, releasing a portion of the system’s energy as photons. The method was sensitive for the analysis of famotidine. The linear calibration curve (LR) is obtained in the range 2-12 mg mL^-1, with a high correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9929. The molecular absorption coefficient (ε) was calculated at 2621×10⁴ L mol^-1 cm^-1. The method displayed excellent sensitivity with a Sandell’s sensitivity of 1.287×10^-5 mg cm^-2, the detection limit (LOD) was found to be 0.0314 mg mL^-1^,and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.0952 mg mL^-1. This study found that recovery was obtained at 104 - 96.5 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was below 1.981%. The results showed that the proposed technique has efficient recovery for measuring famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations.

the Determination and evaluation of trace elements in the blood of radiography workers using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

2024-03-19T19:22:43+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the potentially toxic effects of trace elements in the blood of Iraqi medical radiography workers by analyzing them through GF-AAS. The study involved 50 male blood radiography workers from the medical imaging field at Al-Shatrah General Hospital in Thi-Qar City, Iraq. All workers were aged between 35-50 years and had worked for less than 10 years. The study compared these workers with 50 healthy men. The study found a significant increase in the levels of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ca among radiography workers compared to the healthy control group, while Zn and Se levels decreased significantly. Moreover, Specificity and confidence interval (95%) were estimated via the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The study provided conclusive evidence of disturbances in the levels of trace elements in the blood of radiographer workers, which makes them more susceptible to many diseases because of their radiation exposure. which portends the more preventive measures of radiation. The linear range of Cd, Cu, Zn, Se and Pb in human serum were obtained 0.2-6.0 µg dL^-1, 6.0-200 µg dL^-1, 8.0-200 µg dL^-1, 10-250 µg dL^-1, 4-120 µg dL^-1by GF-AAS after dilution samples with DW up to 20 (n=10, RSD< 5%)^.

A review: Exploratory analysis of recent advancement in green analytical chemistry application

2024-03-19T19:45:10+00:00

It is always a concern to ensure personnel and environment safety in the field of chemistry which has caused to development of green analytical chemistry methods. Green chemistry aims to create an eco-friendly environment in laboratories by using various analytical methods/strategies to reduce the use of toxic solvents which are harmful to humans and the environment. It is a way that protect the environment by using green solvents and methods. Green analytical chemistry is a rapid analytical technique that describes the separation, identification, and quantification of an analyte in drugs, environments, and humans. Various green methodologies such as automation, miniaturization, precipitations, and passivation are utilized in the recovery of solvents and reagents. Green analytical chemistry aims to create an eco-friendly environment in the laboratories by using various analytical methods/strategies to reduce the use of toxic solvents which are harmful to the environment/humans as well as to decrease the amount of waste generated. In this review, we explore different green solvents that can replace other toxic solvents used during extraction processes. In this review, the various extraction methods and analytical techniques used to analyze different components have been discussed.